Proj598-Week-3-Quiz1 Essay - 1430 Words

1. | Question : | (TCO B) All of the below would be considered good selection criteria for a buyer to use to select a seller, except | | | Student Answer: | | proprietary rights of buyer, overall cost, and warrantee offered by seller. | | | | past work done by seller, intellectual property rights, and risk associated with a given seller. | | | | technical capability of seller, understanding of work by seller, and business type of seller. | | | | managerial approach of seller, capacity of seller to do the work, and ability of seller to make a reasonable make-or-buy decision. | | Instructor Explanation: | PMBOK ® Guide, Chapter 12 | | | | Points Received: | 10 of 10 | | Comments: | | | |†¦show more content†¦The process involves monitoring performance, managing interfaces if there are multiple providers, making changes and corrections, and processing interim payments (often called progress payments which are based on the sellers progress in completing the work). In some cases, contract administration involves managing the early termination of a contract (for cause, for convenience or for default). Close Procurement The process of completing each project procurement. It supports the CLOSE PROJECT or PHASE Process. Contract closure supports the close project or phase. It involves product verification (was the work completed correctly?) and administrative closeout (updating and archiving of records). Early termination is a special case of contract closure and can result from a mutual decision, from default by one of the parties, or for convenience of the buyer. The rights of the parties should be defined in a terminations clause in the contract. The buyer provides formal, written notice that the contract has been completed. | | Instructor Explanation: | See the PMBOK ® Guide, Chapter 12.Plan procurements Conduct procurements Control procurements Closeout procurements Students must list and explain what occurs in each process. | | | | Points Received: | 30 of 30 | | Comments: | | | | Question 3. | Question : | (TCO C) Compare and contrast a firm fixed-price contract with a cost-plus contract. When would each be appropriate for

“What High School Is” by Theodore Sizer and “Learning to...

Khuong Q Tran Professor Frauenholz English 100, Section NC03 October 15, 2009 â€Å"What High School Is† by Theodore Sizer and â€Å"Learning to Read† by Malcolm X Learning has an important role in human being society. By learning a person can gain more knowledge and understanding in order to contribute to the development of society. Learning can be performed in various ways. Specifically, there are two completely different types of learning that produce strength and weakness based on general educational experience. Mark, a Franklin high school student, is described in â€Å"What High School Is† by Theodore Sizer. On the other hand, Malcolm X, who was convicted of robbery in 1946, came out of jail with the knowledge of Black history and†¦show more content†¦He had specific goal for his reading and learning although he spent seven years in prison. His goal was to serve the black man in term of Black and White separatism in the 1950’s in United States. His meaningful goal led to great reading and learning of certain subjects, such as Black history, Genetics, slavery, Chinese world history and philosophy. Constantly, he sa ys, â€Å"You will never catch me with a free fifteen minutes in which I’m not studying something I feel might be able to help the black man (X 85). Moreover, Malcolm’s education is really an educational experience. Unlike Mark’s education, Malcolm had to begin his fundamental education by learning the vocabulary. Henceforth, he daily spent numerous hours on reading books to gain knowledge and understanding. He himself did that spectacular job without any specific guidance, except for his curiosity only. He said, â€Å"I could spend the rest of my life reading, just satisfying my curiosity-because you can hardly mention anything I’m not curious about† (X 85). On the other hand, reading for the sake of knowledge was a significant way to help Malcolm feel a sense of freedom in spite of being in prison. Truly, the more he read, the freer he felt. He concludes that â€Å"I don’t think anybody ever got more out of going to prison than I did. In fact, prison enabled me to study far more intensely than I would have if my life had gone differently and I had attended some college.† (X 85) In short, Mark represents students’

Health Inequity in Maori Population

Question: Discuss about the Health Inequity in Maori Population. Answer: Introduction Differences of health status within a population are widespread all over the world. Health inequities can be defined as the unequal distribution of health status resources caused by social condition in which members of a population group is born. Such inequities are unwanted for and can be avoided if appropriate measures are taken. Life expectancy in poor countries is 37 years less that life expectancy in rich countries ("WHO | 10 facts on health inequities and their causes", 2016). Socioeconomic gap between different population groups of a country is considered to be the fundamental cause of health inequities. This report aims to address the health inequities suffered by the Maori population of Aotearao New Zealand, its social and economic impacts on a local as well as national level and the application of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi concerning the health issue of the concerned population group. The health issue selected for this report is Stroke. Throughout the report distinction between two terms, inequalities (unavoidable differences) and inequities (unfair differences) have been considered and appraised. Pre and Post Colonisation Scenario The life expectancy of the Maori population has seen marked decrease after the colonization of New Zealand by the British. The Maori population experienced a decrease from 100,000 in 1769 to 42,000 in 1896. The life expectancy and population has experienced a recovery since then due to various government policies and social awareness. Various health inequities are still prevalent among the Maori population because of colonisation in New Zealand. Several socioeconomic and ethnic factors were responsible for such discrepancies in the health status between the Maori and the non-indigenous population of New Zealand. Reasons behind Maori health inequalities The Maori population consists of 14.6% of the total 4.7 million population of Aotearoa, the Maori name for the country of New Zealand (Limited, 2016). They are indigenous population of New Zealand inhabiting in the country since around 1300 A.D. The health inequities found in Maori and the non-Maori population of New Zealand is one of the most compelling health issues prevalent in the country presently. Ethnic disparities may arise from various reasons. It has been proposed in studies (Mackenbach, 2005) that if all other socioeconomic and environmental factors are eliminated, genetic factors are the major determinant of health inequities among different population groups. The genome of a certain group of population may render them less or more susceptible to certain diseases and health disorders. Conversely, other studies state that 85% of genetic variations are not correlated to ethnicity or race of the population group (Ellison-Loschmann Pearce, 2006). Hence, it can be conferred that the health status inequities suffered by the Maori population of New Zealand has non-genetic origins. The non-genetic factors can be influenced by socioeconomic position, access to healthcare facilities and lifestyle of the concerned group. The social factors that contribute to such inequities are income, housing and employment differences between the two concerned groups. Inequities can be based upon various parameters like age, gender, ethnicity, the social and economic status, and the geographical location of the population group. There is substantial evidence of high mortality rates in old age in low socioeconomic position of the population (Huisman et al., 2013). Several daily life practices like food habits, style of living and lack of awareness about nutritional importance on healthy living can contribute to the onset of various chronic as well as acute disorders. These factors can often be inherited and depend on cultural and social traditions followed by a particular section of the population. Hosseinpoor et al., (2012) studied the inequalities in risk factors of non-communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries and concluded that smoking and low fruit and vegetable consumption were prevalent in low socioeconomic groups among various countries. The risk factors of non-communicable diseases varied among different socioeconomic groups. Several studies have examined the impact of accessibility of healthcare facilities on the health status of a population. There is high mortality rates for people with lack of optimum accessibility either due to the geographical location or due to socioeconomic constraints (Milea et al., 2015). Treaty of Waitangi The treaty of Waitangi is the founding document of New Zealand that was signed on 6 February 1840 between the British Crown and the 540 Maori chiefs. The treaty was signed to establish political and social accord between the Maori community, which ruled New Zealand until then and the British settlers that had arrived in New Zealand during that period. The English and Maori translations of the treaty differed which has been debated to this day. The treaty promised to provide Maori autonomy and abstain from interfering with their cultural practices. It aim to establish a reciprocity between the two communities. The Maoris were allowed to have full control over their land transactions and way of living; in return, the British formed the laws and government of the country. In ultimatum, the Crown was to establish equity and equal treatment for all the inhabitants, both the Maori and the non-Maori population, in all the sectors including healthcare. The principles of the treaty are based on three Ps: Partnership, Protection and Participation. Partnership aims to achieve a collaborative process between two groups to reach a particular common benefit or objective. Participation implies the involvement of individuals from all the groups in certain facilities to reduce inequalities in various sectors. Protection signifies the need to protect certain cultural and ethical values of different individuals in a common workspace and maintain a secular approach to avoid hurting the sentiments of any of the individuals included in the population. Concerning health status of the Maori population of New Zealand, the three Ps can be applied in an efficient way to provide optimum healthcare facilities and prevent health status inequities between the Maori and the non-Maori populations (Kingi, 2007). Chosen Health Issue Studies show that there are several health issues in the Maori adult and children population that need to be addressed to mitigate the social and economic cost due to the same. The health conditions that are more prevalent in the Maori population compared to the non-Maori population are Ischemic Heart Disease, Stroke, Diabetes, Hypertension, Chronic Pain and Arthritis ("The Health of MÄ ori Adults and Children", 2015). Study of the epidemiology of stroke in New Zealand show great discrepancy in incidence of the same among the different ethnical or racial groups. New Zealand is a multi-ethnic country and studies show the burden of mortality due to stroke is highest among individuals of the Maori community as compared to rest of the population (Feigin, McNaughton Dyall, 2007). Although such conclusions do not provide any insight regarding the direct causes of the medical condition and its higher incidence, it may make the issue of health inequity more conspicuous and aid in taking necessary preventive measures like culture specific treatment, planning and intervention. The mean age of stroke incidence in both Maori and Pacific people of New Zealand is significantly low compared to their European counterparts (Bonita, Broad Beaglehole, 1997). Feigin et al., (2006), studied the risk factor profiles for stroke patients between the ethnic groups. The average age of stroke onset for the Maori Population is 61 years compared to 64 years for Pacific people and 75 years for European inhabitants of New Zealand. Considerable differences found in risk factors among the different ethnicities may be responsible for this discrepancy. Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality universally. Two kinds of strokes are prevalent: Ischemic and Hemorrhagic. Stroke is a medically emergency condition where blood supply to the brain is impeded either due to blockage in the blood vessels of the brain or due to rupture of blood vessels and damage of the tissues in the vicinity. Symptoms should be identified promptly and immediate medical attention is required. Accessibility to emergency medical care can be a deciding factor in preventing adverse consequences of stroke patients. Stroke incidence is strikingly more in medically underserved region of the world compared to the economically developed countries; post-stroke disability and mortality were also significantly high in the unreserved countries (Norrving Kissela, 2013). There is a huge economic impact of stroke worldwide. Direct costs include medical costs including hospital costs, extended care facilities and medical care personnel. Indirect costs include both mortality and morbidity costs. many governments have opted for programs to create awareness regarding how to mitigate the risk factors associated with stroke in order to reduce the economic and social burden the condition poses on a national level. Application of Treaty of Waitangi Principles The principles of the Treaty of Waitangi viz. Partnership, Protection and Participation can be applied at an organizational level to bridge the gap between Maori and non-Maori population of New Zealand in terms of medical healthcare facilitates. The Maori population must be allowed to choose their health program policies for the well being of health of their community after considering their cultural and religious needs; although the policies need to be scrutinized to ensure that it meets standard scientific rationale. This comes under the principle of Protection of equal rights of the community as well as ensuring partnership in social well being of the country as a whole. Government must intervene with proper programs to spread awareness about the epidemiology of stroke in the Maori population. The importance of following a healthy lifestyle and a healthy balanced diet in fighting the prevalence and incidence of Stroke must be elucidated to the target population. The people of Maori population should be encouraged to participate in healthcare facilities as healthcare professionals to understand the special needs of the Maori patients who are admitted in the medical institution. They must work together to reach centripetal health outcomes with an ultimate goal of providing emergency care to the patients who have experienced stroke. The nurses and other healthcare professionals must be trained to be compassionate and empathetic in dealing with Maori patients, as they have specific cultural needs, which must be dealt with utmost sensitivity. Addressing health issues must happen in collaboration between the provider and the receiver of treatment or care. Partnership between the two is necessary for establishing health status equity all over the population of the country. Government must take adequate actions to provide equal accessibility to all the different ethnic populations of the country. Infrastructural development is indispensible in and around the geographical locations where the Maori population is rich. Emergency facilities should be equipped such that immediate needs of a stroke patient can be addressed. Hence, intervention from the government is an absolute necessity to achieve the desired results and the policies must be formulated after acknowledging the principles of the three Ps of the Treaty of Waitangi. Conclusion Disparities between different ethnic populations of a country are widespread all over the world especially in healthcare sectors. The Maori population of New Zealand is a victim of health inequity compared to other ethnic communities. Stroke is one of the most alarming of all the inequities suffered by the population. The application of principles of the Treaty of Waitangi is fundamental in implementing equal healthcare facilities and bridging the ethnic gaps in the population of New Zealand. References Bonita, R., Broad, J. B., Beaglehole, R. (1997). Ethnic differences in stroke incidence and case fatality in Auckland, New Zealand. Stroke, 28(4), 758-761. Ellison-Loschmann, L., Pearce, N. (2006).Improving access to health care among New Zealand's Maori population. American Journal of Public Health,96(4), 612-617. Feigin, V. L., McNaughton, H., Dyall, L. (2007). Burden of stroke in Maori and Pacific peoples of New Zealand. International Journal of Stroke, 2(3), 208-210. Feigin, V., Carter, K., Hackett, M., Barber, P. A., McNaughton, H., Dyall, L., ... Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study Group. (2006). Ethnic disparities in incidence of stroke subtypes: Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study, 20022003. The Lancet Neurology, 5(2), 130-139. Hosseinpoor, A. R., Bergen, N., Kunst, A., Harper, S., Guthold, R., Rekve, D., ... Chatterji, S. (2012). Socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for non communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: results from the World Health Survey. BMC public Health, 12(1), 1. Huisman, M., Read, S., Towriss, C. A., Deeg, D. J., Grundy, E. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality rates in old age in the World Health Organization Europe region. Epidemiologic reviews, mxs010. Kingi, T. K. (2007). The Treaty of Waitangi: A framework for Maori health development.New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy,54(1), 4. Limited, M. (2016). Aotearoa - The Maori Name for New Zealand. Maori.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016, from https://www.maori.com/aotearoa Mackenbach, J. P. (2005). Genetics and health inequalities: hypotheses and controversies. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 59(4), 268-273. Milea, D., Azmi, S., Reginald, P., Verpillat, P., Francois, C. (2015). A review of accessibility of administrative healthcare databases in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal of market access health policy, 3. Norrving, B., Kissela, B. (2013). The global burden of stroke and need for a continuum of care. Neurology, 80(3 Supplement 2), S5-S12. The Health of MÄ ori Adults and Children. (2015). Ministry of Health NZ. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-maori-adults-and-children WHO | 10 facts on health inequities and their causes. (2016). Who.int. Retrieved 29 September 2016, from https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/health_inequities/facts/en/index1.html

The Genius Of China 3000 Years Of Science, Disco Essay Example For Students

The Genius Of China 3000 Years Of Science, Disco Essay very, And InventionThe World is forever in debt to China for its innovations. Ancient China was extreme advance and many of its discoveries are still in use today. This is what Robert Temple, the author of The Genius of China 3000 years of science, discovery and invention. The book is based on 11 main parts of Chinese innovation. Within these 11 categories, there are 3 main parts that contain the most significant inventions. Robert Temple concentrates the bulk of his examples in these three categories, agriculture, domestic and industrial technology , and engineering. Temples examples were not limited to these fields of innovation. The Chinese excelled in many other areas, including mathematics, warfare and transportation, to name a few. Although Temple wrote about eleven fields of invention, I feel that these three sections contain the greatest examples of Chinese innovation, and the debt that the modern world owes China.The first main area is the field of engineering. Within this chapter, the development of iron and steel is the greatest achievement. We will write a custom essay on The Genius Of China 3000 Years Of Science, Disco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The development of iron and steel led to other advances. By at least the 4th century the Chinese have developed blast furnaces to obtain cast iron from iron ore. This was 1200 years before the first blast furnace showed up in Europe. The reasons that the author gave to explain the reasons why the Chinese developed this technology are simple. The Chinese had access to large amounts of clay, the key ingredient in making blast furnaces. The Chinese also figured out that by adding a substance they called :Black Earth, they could lower the melting point of iron. Another major invention of the Chinese, that led to other achievements, is steel. The common belief today is that Henry Bessemer discovered the process of refining iron into steel. The fact is Chinese had developed the process to refine iron into steel in the second century BC The Chinese learned that by injecting oxygen into the blast furnace, they could remove the carbon from the iron. The Chinese called this process the hundred refinings method since they repeated the process that many times. The finished product was highly prized in China for its strength and ability to hold an edge on a sword. The Chinese would weld the steel onto weaker iron thus creating a strong edge and a superior weapon. The Chinese iron and steel workers were the best at making different types of metals into modern times. But then, no one else could have done so at the time, since iron existed nowhere else but in China. The Chinese invented the chain pump in the first century AD The chain pump allows water to the pumped from lower to higher elevations. The chain pumps were used for draining and pumping in civil engineering, but what is more important is it was used for irrigation. Irrigation allows for greater and more intense farming, thus resulting in a better crop yield. With the greater crop yields larger populations can be supported. The chain pump was exported to all parts of the world by way of visiting ambassadors and dignitaries. The first European chain pump appeared in the sixteenth century, and was a direct copy of the Chinese version. The second area of great Chinese achievement is in domestic and industrial technology. The most recognized Chinese invention is in the field of domestic and industrial technology, paper. Paper was invented around the second century BC and was used as clothing. One might not believe that paper could be used as clothing, but the paper made at that time used thicker and tougher paper fibers. .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 , .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .postImageUrl , .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 , .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98:hover , .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98:visited , .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98:active { border:0!important; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98:active , .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98 .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3353c47deb3eb7cfc827dc617da7f98:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Unemployment Essay Not only was paper used for clothing, it was also used for military body armor. The Chinese found out that pleated sheets of paper could stop the penetration of arrows. The paper armor was standard issue with Chinese land and sea units. Papers writing property was not discovered till about one century after its discovery. The earliest example of writing on paper was found an abandon military post. The paper found dates back to 110 AD and contained two dozen readable characters. The area that let China grow and expand was the innovations in the area of agriculture. The greatest achievement in the field of agriculture is row cultivation and intensive hoeing. In Europe, as with the rest of the world, they practiced scatter seed farming. Scatter seed farming is the practice of throwing the seed onto the fields at random. By throwing the seed randomly, half the seeds would not grow and make it impossible to weed the field. The Chinese on the other hand, planted individual seeds and rows, thus reducing seed loss. The planting of crops in rows also allowed for intensive hoeing, which in turn reduce weeds. Another major advancement in the field of agriculture is the seed drill. The seed drill complements the row farming of the Chinese. The seed drill is a device that plants the seed into the ground. It replaces the farmer to plant the seeds by hand, thus allowing the farmer to plant more acreage. The first seed drill was introduced to Europe in sixteenth century, 3500 years after the Chinese had invented it. In conclusion, I believe that the author has proved his original idea, that the modern world is in debt to China. The author has given many examples of Chinese innovation and intelligence that are seen in use today. Chinese innovation in agriculture has not only allowed the Chinese to grow, it has also allowed the modern world to grow. The growth of these other countries is directly linked to the inventions that they copied from the Chinese. Many of the Chinese engineering feats are still practiced today. The process of refining iron into steel is still used today, though the process has been refined. The suspension bridge, invented by the Chinese in the first century AD, is still the bridge of choice when one has to span a great distance. The greatest area of Chinese invention is in agriculture. The Chinese excelled in farming, not only did they discover the seed drill, they discovered row farming that is still used today. I would recommend this book with one wants to read about the past glory of China and the huge potentional of the future. It gave in-depth views into each Chinese invention, while not over doing the techical explaination. The Author is clear and concise on his point, the modern world is in debt to the Chinese. He gave many examples of Chinese invoation, and how the rest of the world copied the Chinese. Not did the rest of the world copy Chinese inventions, they claimed that they were the first to invent it. The author opened my eyes to the greatness of anicent China. What the author, Robert Temple, did do gave me even more reason to respect China.

Dairy Milk Chocolate Essay Example

Dairy Milk Chocolate Paper delightful combination of milk chocolate and white chocolate. Giving consumers anexciting reason to keep coming back into the fun filled world of Cadbury. Our Journey: Cadbury Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the chocolate category for years. Andhas participated and been a part of every Indians moments of happiness, joy andcelebration. Today, Cadbury Dairy Milk alone holds 30% value share of the Indianchocolate market. In the early 90s, chocolates were seen as meant for kids, usually a reward or a bribe for  children. In the Mid 90s the category was re-defined by the very popular `Real Taste of  Life campaign, shifting the focus from `just for kids to the `kid in all of us. It appealedto the child in every adult. And Cadbury Dairy Milk became the perfect expression of  spontaneity and shared good feelings. The Real Taste of Life campaign had many memorable executions, which people stillfondly remember. However, the one with the girl dancing on the cricket field hasremained etched in everyones memory, as the most spontaneous ; un-inhibitedexpression of happiness. This campaign went on to be awarded The Campaign of the Century, in India at theAbby (Ad Club, Mumbai) awards. In the late 90s, to further expand the category, the focus shifted towards wideningchocolate consumption amongst the masses, through the Khanewalon Ko Khane Ka37 Bahana Chahiye campaign. This campaign built social acceptance for chocolateconsumption amongst adults, by showcasing collective and shared moments. More recently, the Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye campaign associated Cadbury Dairy Milk  with celebratory occasions and the phrase Pappu Pass Ho Gaya became part of streetlanguage. We will write a custom essay sample on Dairy Milk Chocolate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dairy Milk Chocolate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dairy Milk Chocolate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It has been adopted by consumers and today is used extensively to express joyin a moment of achievement / success. The interactive campaign for Pappu Pass Ho Gaya bagged a Bronze Lion at the  prestigious Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for Best use of internet and new media. The idea involved a tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service and allowed students tocheck their exam results using their mobile service and encouraged those who passedtheir examinations to celebrate with Cadbury Dairy Milk. The Pappu Pass Ho Gaya campaign also went on to win Silver for The Best IntegratedMarketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006(global benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards. During the 1st World War, Cadbury Dairy Milk supported the war effort. Over 2,000male employees joined the armed forces and Cadbury sent books, warm clothes andchocolates to the front. 38 Cadburys big Bytes Kuch meetha ho jaye uggests Cadbury India, its brand ambassador Amitabh Bachchansmiling down the hoardings lined along Mumbais Marine Drive right down to thecompanys corporate head office at Mahalakshmi. While the chocolate major is waitingfor Diwali to see a turnaround in its business after the worm’s controversy, at the momentits all about driving growth for the category, which has seen a decline since the firstquarter of this year. Being the market leader in chocolates with a 70 per cent share, the company hasattempted to stretch the boundaries withi n chocolate confectionery. It has also beenadventurous in unleashing a brand new category within chocolate early this year. Introducing the concept of sweet snacking, it launched Cadbury Bytes in the south withthe positioning `Snacking ka meetha funda. The product is a crunchy wafer pillow with achoco-cream centre and is being rolled out nationally. 39 Explaining the need to introduce this new category, Bharat Puri, Managing Director,Cadbury India, says, While we were sure of our core competencies, there was need for  innovation to deliver double-digit growth. What we found was that we were under-represented in the area of snacking on the go and that there was a need for a light crunchysnack. While entry into salted snacks was ruled out, sweet snacks were the obviouschoice, and Bytes is unique to the chocolate majors Indian portfolio. Getting the right product and packaging was a challenge for the company. It has sub-contracted the product to get the volumes and is poised for a national launch. Adds Puri,After all this was the first category anywhere in the world that Cadbury was entering andwe did not have the expertise. So the best way was to test-market the product and todaywe find that it has already bagged five per cent of the chocolate market. The company has no apprehensions of cannibalization of its chocolate brands. It believesthat while its chocolates are more of indulgence products, Bytes is about snacking whenone is hungry and can be treated as a snack in between meals. The aim of this project is to evaluate the marketing strategy of Cadburys Dairy Milk. To do this, I will need to gather information about the product; I will ask a questionnaire which is a primary research method. Then I will also gain some secondary research, this will be achieved by searching the internet for information and from a product information letter from Cadbury. I will investigate all aspects of Dairy milks marketing mix, these include: product, price, promotion and place. After I have investigated these aspects I will analyse and evaluate my results from the Primary research. History of Dairy Milk and Cadbury Cadburys started as a one-man business, opened in 1824 by a Quaker, John Cadbury, in Bull Street Birmingham, was to be the foundation of Cadbury Limited, now one of the worlds largest chocolate producers. By 1831 the business had changed from a grocery shop and John Cadbury had become a manufacturer of drinking chocolate and cocoa, the start of the Cadbury manufacturing business as it is known today. Dairy Milk is a brand of chocolate bar made by Cadburys popular in the United Kingdom and around the world. It was introduced in 1905. There are a number of varieties including Fruit ; Nut and Whole Nut. And Fruit variety was available for a short time but was discontinued. In 2003 Cadburys made Dairy Milk into superbrand, bringing a number of different products under the Dairy Milk branding. For example Wispa bars were phased out and replaced by Dairy Milk with bubbles. As of 2004, there are ten varieties of Dairy Milk produced in the UK Dairy Milk Chocolate Essay Example Dairy Milk Chocolate Essay delightful combination of milk chocolate and white chocolate. Giving consumers anexciting reason to keep coming back into the fun filled world of Cadbury. Our Journey: Cadbury Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the chocolate category for years. Andhas participated and been a part of every Indians moments of happiness, joy andcelebration. Today, Cadbury Dairy Milk alone holds 30% value share of the Indianchocolate market. In the early 90s, chocolates were seen as meant for kids, usually a reward or a bribe for  children. In the Mid 90s the category was re-defined by the very popular `Real Taste of  Life campaign, shifting the focus from `just for kids to the `kid in all of us. It appealedto the child in every adult. And Cadbury Dairy Milk became the perfect expression of  spontaneity and shared good feelings. The Real Taste of Life campaign had many memorable executions, which people stillfondly remember. However, the one with the girl dancing on the cricket field hasremained etched in everyones memory, as the most spontaneous ; un-inhibitedexpression of happiness. This campaign went on to be awarded The Campaign of the Century, in India at theAbby (Ad Club, Mumbai) awards. In the late 90s, to further expand the category, the focus shifted towards wideningchocolate consumption amongst the masses, through the Khanewalon Ko Khane Ka37 Bahana Chahiye campaign. This campaign built social acceptance for chocolateconsumption amongst adults, by showcasing collective and shared moments. More recently, the Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye campaign associated Cadbury Dairy Milk  with celebratory occasions and the phrase Pappu Pass Ho Gaya became part of streetlanguage. We will write a custom essay sample on Dairy Milk Chocolate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dairy Milk Chocolate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dairy Milk Chocolate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It has been adopted by consumers and today is used extensively to express joyin a moment of achievement / success. The interactive campaign for Pappu Pass Ho Gaya bagged a Bronze Lion at the  prestigious Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for Best use of internet and new media. The idea involved a tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service and allowed students tocheck their exam results using their mobile service and encouraged those who passedtheir examinations to celebrate with Cadbury Dairy Milk. The Pappu Pass Ho Gaya campaign also went on to win Silver for The Best IntegratedMarketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006(global benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards. During the 1st World War, Cadbury Dairy Milk supported the war effort. Over 2,000male employees joined the armed forces and Cadbury sent books, warm clothes andchocolates to the front. 38 Cadburys big Bytes Kuch meetha ho jaye uggests Cadbury India, its brand ambassador Amitabh Bachchansmiling down the hoardings lined along Mumbais Marine Drive right down to thecompanys corporate head office at Mahalakshmi. While the chocolate major is waitingfor Diwali to see a turnaround in its business after the worm’s controversy, at the momentits all about driving growth for the category, which has seen a decline since the firstquarter of this year. Being the market leader in chocolates with a 70 per cent share, the company hasattempted to stretch the boundaries withi n chocolate confectionery. It has also beenadventurous in unleashing a brand new category within chocolate early this year. Introducing the concept of sweet snacking, it launched Cadbury Bytes in the south withthe positioning `Snacking ka meetha funda. The product is a crunchy wafer pillow with achoco-cream centre and is being rolled out nationally. 39 Explaining the need to introduce this new category, Bharat Puri, Managing Director,Cadbury India, says, While we were sure of our core competencies, there was need for  innovation to deliver double-digit growth. What we found was that we were under-represented in the area of snacking on the go and that there was a need for a light crunchysnack. While entry into salted snacks was ruled out, sweet snacks were the obviouschoice, and Bytes is unique to the chocolate majors Indian portfolio. Getting the right product and packaging was a challenge for the company. It has sub-contracted the product to get the volumes and is poised for a national launch. Adds Puri,After all this was the first category anywhere in the world that Cadbury was entering andwe did not have the expertise. So the best way was to test-market the product and todaywe find that it has already bagged five per cent of the chocolate market. The company has no apprehensions of cannibalization of its chocolate brands. It believesthat while its chocolates are more of indulgence products, Bytes is about snacking whenone is hungry and can be treated as a snack in between meals. The aim of this project is to evaluate the marketing strategy of Cadburys Dairy Milk. To do this, I will need to gather information about the product; I will ask a questionnaire which is a primary research method. Then I will also gain some secondary research, this will be achieved by searching the internet for information and from a product information letter from Cadbury. I will investigate all aspects of Dairy milks marketing mix, these include: product, price, promotion and place. After I have investigated these aspects I will analyse and evaluate my results from the Primary research. History of Dairy Milk and Cadbury Cadburys started as a one-man business, opened in 1824 by a Quaker, John Cadbury, in Bull Street Birmingham, was to be the foundation of Cadbury Limited, now one of the worlds largest chocolate producers. By 1831 the business had changed from a grocery shop and John Cadbury had become a manufacturer of drinking chocolate and cocoa, the start of the Cadbury manufacturing business as it is known today. Dairy Milk is a brand of chocolate bar made by Cadburys popular in the United Kingdom and around the world. It was introduced in 1905. There are a number of varieties including Fruit ; Nut and Whole Nut. And Fruit variety was available for a short time but was discontinued. In 2003 Cadburys made Dairy Milk into superbrand, bringing a number of different products under the Dairy Milk branding. For example Wispa bars were phased out and replaced by Dairy Milk with bubbles. As of 2004, there are ten varieties of Dairy Milk produced in the UK

Nike an Ethical Issue I Essays

Nike an Ethical Issue I Essays Nike an Ethical Issue I Paper Nike an Ethical Issue I Paper Nike an Ethical Issue Nike an Ethical Issue Nike is a company that was created on an agreement and a handshake between two men. That handshake between Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight became the foundation of how Nike does business. Integrity and commitment to the highest ethical standards make up the code of business ethics for Nike. A company like Nike that has a code of ethics and a foundation of how business is conducted should not have any problems with ethical issues as far as the way they do business; however there is an ethical issue in regards to Nike. Ethical Issue Nike has been accused of using child labor in the production of their soccer balls. This ethical issue has taken place in Pakistan. There are laws in Pakistan against child labor and slavery, but the Pakistan government does not take the necessary action to stop it. The United States constitution states that child labor is an illegal and inhumane practice and any United States company found guilty practicing and encouraging it will be prosecuted. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade organization prohibits member nations like the United States, from discriminating against the importation of goods made by children. In essence it seems as if this practice is condoned. One of the reasons the practice of using child labor goes on is the fact that these third world countries are in such dire need and these children are helping in the support of their families. Pakistan has a per-capita income of nineteen thousand dollars per year. This equates that a typical person lives off of five dollars a day. Nike does not launch production directly in Pakistan. It is subcontracted through a local firm, which has to abide by Nike’s international rules and regulations when producing its goods. Nike has the duty to monitor the subcontracted firm. Nike an Ethical Issue Nike also has based its operations in Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and India. It seems as if Nike thrives to operate in such countries due to the low cost labor to make its products. Twelve- year-old girls work in Indonesia sweatshops seventy hours a week making Nike shoes in unhealthy plants. There have been many other claims about the mistreatment of workers of sweatshops in other countries in which Nike has subcontracted. Ethical Perceptions across Cultures. The ethical perceptions across the cultures in regards to child labor come from the various sources. The culture for countries such as Pakistan, in which the earnings of one person goes to feeding ten people, it is very difficult for a low income population to survive. With the population in Pakistan being at one million and is an important center for the production of goods for export to international markets. In 1994 exports brought three hundred eighty five million dollars to the economy of Pakistan. Those exports came largely from the use of child labor producing goods. Therefore that culture is somewhat dependent upon those children that work illegally. Looking at the situation from a culture such as the United States, we view it differently. The economy as bad as it may seem it is nothing of that of other countries. The United States is rich in comparison and does not condone such practices. The idea that Nike using child labor open debate as to what is ethically right. Some would say that Nike is doing a great deed for Pakistan. The parents willingly send their children off to work in a factory to help support them so the argument along with that would be to buy more products that the children produce. This would increase their demand and they would produce more. This would allow them to earn more. It is believed this would give them a chance to rise above poverty level and the benefits would not only pay off for the families of the children, but for the nation as well. The argument to increasing the demand of the products made by child labor would be that it encourages child labor. That in turns encourages more birth rates, which creates more slavery, and sweatshops. Education among children will continue to decline. More and more children will be bought and sold on the black market and the problem would never end. Risk and consequences associated. There are many risk and consequences involved with Nike conducting business utilizing child labor around the world. This places a negative impact on Nike and it goes against what is written in the code of conduct for Nike. This could also cause a decrease in sales and a loss in revenue due to the American public opposing this type of practice in business. Conclusion Nike is a business that was built on good values and ethics. Those same values and ethics are in question in regards to the labor they use in third world countries. This labor comes in the form of children. Children are sent to work in these factories by their parents so they can help support them. These children receive very low wages and the working conditions are substandard. There are laws and regulations that govern these practices but they are not strongly enforced. These countries are very poor and the income that Nike brings to these countries drastically improves their economy. The United States constitution states that child labor is an illegal and inhumane practice and any United States company found guilty practicing and encouraging it will be prosecuted. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade organization prohibits member Nike, an Ethical Issue nations like the United States, from discriminating against the importation of goods made by children. Nike did not directly have these children working in these conditions. They hire subcontracting firms to make their products. Nike is responsible to monitor the subcontracting firms to ensure all business practices are within the rules and regulations set forth. The ethical perception across the cultures varies among the cultures. The third world countries view this as a means of providing for their families and improving the economy of their countries. Others view this act as unethical and criminal. Nike has taken risk in their production of products in which the use of child labor is used. This risk not only cost them their reputation but it prove to be a huge financial loss as well. References Websites www. American. edu/TED/nike. htm www. nikebiz. com

Food security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food security - Essay Example This paper aims at looking at the effect of consumption of junk food in the USA. Over the past years, it has been noted that the rate at which obesity cases have been increasing in the United States of America is wanting. One of the reasons as to why this trend is believed to exist is because of the increase in the rate at which the United States of America consumes junk food (Smith 111). A research carried in the year 2010 by a journal, it was found that a fast food lunch package for a single person would have calorie content of up to 850 calories (Lambert 2). However, recent studies have discovered that the calorie content would get to 1000 calories. Given the fact that women usually need less calories daily as compared to men they are the most affected by the consumption of junk food (Napoli 3). According to a study that was carried out in the year 2012 junk food consumption was discovered to be the most common of the behavioral causes of obesity in the USA (Pereira 38). Apart from the fact that the consumption of junk food is commonly associated with obesity, excessive consumption of junk food can also lead to diseases such as diabetes. This is particularly very true for the case of junk food consumers in the United States of America (Collins). According to a study carried out by Lancet people who consume junk food about four times in a week have higher risks of getting type 2 diabetes. This is particularly backed by studies that were carried out by a number of hospitals in the United States of America, which led to the discovery that a majority of patients that were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were regular junk food consumers (Currie 22). The reason given for this increase is the fact that people who consume junk food regularly gain more weight, which lead to an increase in insulin resistance (St-Onge, Keller, and Heymsfield 1071). This state occurs as a result of the failure of the hormone insulin in the regulation of the levels of glucose